effect
이 글에서 다루는 effect 뜻을 간단히 잡으면, 영향, 효과, 결과입니다. 원인이나 조치가 만들어 낸 변화·결과를 가리키는 명사로, 특히 effect와 affect의 품사 구별이 중요합니다.
effect가 문장에서 나타내는 세 가지 의미
| 의미 | 품사 | 핵심 결합 | 대표 문맥 | 짧은 예문 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 영향 | 명사 | an effect on | 정책·조치의 영향 | The policy had an effect on hiring. |
| 효과 | 명사 | the desired effect | 광고·실험의 효과 | The campaign had the desired effect. |
| 결과 | 명사 | one effect of | 원인과 결과 설명 | One effect was lower operating costs. |
effect, affect, impact, influence 선택 기준
effect는 이미 발생했거나 예상되는 변화·결과를 하나의 명사로 가리킵니다. 반면 affect는 무엇이 대상에 영향을 주는 행동을 표현하는 동사입니다. impact는 강하고 눈에 띄는 영향을, influence는 비교적 간접적이거나 점진적인 영향력을 강조할 때 잘 어울립니다.
| 단어 | 대표 품사 | 선택 기준 | 대조 예문 |
|---|---|---|---|
| effect | 명사 | 발생한 영향·효과·결과 자체 | The price increase had little effect on demand. |
| affect | 동사 | 주어가 목적어에 영향을 줌 | The price increase did not affect demand. |
| impact | 명사·동사 | 강하고 중요하거나 눈에 띄는 영향 | The shutdown had a major impact on production. |
| influence | 명사·동사 | 판단·행동에 미치는 간접적·점진적 영향 | Customer reviews influence purchasing decisions. |
바꿔 쓰면 어색해지는 사례
- ✕ The delay effected the delivery schedule.
배송 일정에 영향을 주었다는 뜻이라면 동사 affected가 필요합니다. - ✕ The new logo made an effect on customers.
일반적인 비즈니스 영어에서는 had an effect on customers가 자연스럽습니다. - △ The manager’s advice had an impact on my daily preferences.
충격적으로 큰 변화가 아니라 판단에 서서히 작용했다는 뜻이라면 influence가 더 자연스럽습니다.
The new schedule will affect employees.
새 일정이 직원들에게 영향을 줄 것입니다.
The new schedule will have an effect on employees.
새 일정은 직원들에게 영향을 미칠 것입니다.
빈칸 앞에 관사 an/the이나 형용사가 있으면 명사 effect를, 주어 뒤에서 목적어를 직접 받는 자리라면 동사 affect를 먼저 검토하세요.
이메일과 보고서에서 살아나는 effect 연어
| 핵심 연어 | 쓰임 | 자연스러운 예문 |
|---|---|---|
| have an effect on | ~에 영향을 미치다 | The change had an effect on delivery times. |
| take effect | 시행되다, 효력이 발생하다 | The revised policy takes effect on July 1. |
| come into effect | 규정 등이 발효되다 | The safety rules will come into effect next month. |
| positive/negative effect | 긍정적·부정적 효과 | Flexible hours had a positive effect on morale. |
| immediate/long-term effect | 즉각적·장기적 영향 | The report examines the long-term effects of remote work. |
| little/no effect | 영향이 거의·전혀 없음 | The discount had little effect on total sales. |
| side effect | 의도하지 않은 부수적 결과 | A side effect of automation was reduced paperwork. |
| in effect | 시행 중인 | The temporary restrictions remain in effect. |
make an effect on보다는 have an effect on을 사용합니다. 또한 규정의 시행일을 말할 때는 “효과를 가지다”라고 직역하지 말고 take effect를 씁니다.
Part 3·4·5·7에서 만나는 effect
Part 3 미니 대화
Woman: The customer survey shows that the new packaging has had a positive effect on product ratings.
Man: That’s good news. Did it affect our shipping costs?
Woman: No. According to the logistics report, there was no measurable change.
Question: What does the woman say about the new packaging?
- It delayed the customer survey.
- It improved ratings without measurably changing shipping costs.
- It caused the company to replace a logistics provider.
- It reduced both ratings and shipping costs.
Part 4 공지
Beginning Monday, the revised parking policy will take effect. Employees must display a blue permit, while visitors should obtain a temporary pass from the reception desk. Existing red permits will remain valid through Friday.
Question: What will happen on Monday?
- The reception desk will close.
- A revised parking policy will become active.
- All red permits will immediately become invalid.
- Visitors will receive permanent blue permits.
Part 5 문장 완성
The redesigned checkout page had a noticeable ______ on the number of completed online purchases.
- affect
- effect
- effective
- effectively
Part 7 이메일·보고서
To: Sales Team
From: Mina Choi
Subject: Weekend Promotion Results
According to the attached sales report, the weekend discount had little effect on in-store purchases. Online orders, however, increased by 18 percent after the promotional e-mail was sent. We will therefore test a digital-only offer next month.
Question: Why will the company test a digital-only offer?
- The in-store discount produced a large increase.
- The attached report contained incorrect figures.
- The promotional e-mail was associated with higher online orders.
- The company plans to discontinue online sales.
품사와 뉘앙스를 가르는 최종 점검
1. The temporary office closure significantly ______ the delivery schedule.
- effect
- affected
- effectively
- effects
2. The new approval procedure had little ______ on processing time.
- effect
- affect
- influential
- effectively
함께 공부할 단어
effect 사전 보기